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排序方式: 共有199条查询结果,搜索用时 224 毫秒
1.
针对河流水污染应急响应过程中污染源排放历史迟知、未知的问题,结合多种群遗传算法和自适应遗传算法,利用一维河流水质模型和水质监测数据,研究建立了基于改进遗传算法的河流水污染定量源反演方法,实现了对河流污染源排放历史的识别与重构.将该方法应用于美国特拉基河流的3个不同流量下的示踪剂实验中,对示踪剂排放历史进行定量源反演分析.结果表明:IGA算法对高、中、低不同流量下的3次示踪剂实验均可以很好的重构和识别示踪剂排放历史,对于实际河流水污染源反演分析的误差均在可接受范围内.IGA算法在河流水污染源反演分析中具有一定的可靠性和稳定性,可为河流水污染精准溯源与治理提供科学的技术支撑. 相似文献
2.
同位素方法在大气甲烷研究中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对大气甲烷研究的同位素方法理论基础及其研究进展的综述,概括介绍了现有的大气甲烷同位素研究方法和所取得的成果,讨论分析了在中国开展该项研究的意义和前景。 相似文献
3.
黄梅乱泥滩花岗岩侵入年龄为124.1Ma,完全冷却暴露地表年龄为80Ma,据岩石化学、稀土元素地球化学、~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值、∈Nd值、δ~(18)0值等综合分析,均显示该岩体具有“S”型花岗岩类的特征,其原始物质来自地壳。岩浆侵位深度为4.8km,结晶温度为798℃,氧逸度fO_2=1×10~(-11)a,压力P=6.57×10~8Pa岩体侵位时处于张性构造环境的陆内碰撞带。 相似文献
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6.
森林植被影响径流形成机制研究进展 总被引:51,自引:2,他引:51
径流形成机制研究在水文学领域中具有十分重要的意义,且受到越来越广泛的重视。水文环境以及水文通量的空间异质性和时间变化性导致了水文过程的尺度依赖性和非线性特征,没有对水文过程较为清晰的认识,就不能将某一地区某一流域森林植被变化水文生态效应的研究结果简单地外推到其他地区和其他流域。开发基于物理过程分布式参数水文模型可以为认识森林植被变化的生态学后效和客观评价森林植被水文生态效益提供可行的工具。但是要实现这一目标,研究森林植被影响径流形成机制是问题的核心所在。另一方面,认识森林影响径流形成机制有助于研究水文学中的尺度问题。研究森林植被影响径流形成机制的主要方法包括水文测验、同位素示踪和动力水文学计算等,研究的空间尺度则为坡面与流域相接合。从已有的研究成果来看,森林植被影响径流形成机制可以概括为:①森林流域径流形成为变动源区产流机制;②森林流域径流形成主要受饱和地表径流、亚表层径流和地下径流的控制;③森林流域径流形成机制是相互作用和相互转化的;④优先流在森林流域径流形成中起到了至关重要的作用。 相似文献
7.
海洋环境中氧同位素示踪物技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文简要地介绍了在环境海洋学中的氧同位素示踪物技术,它有望成为大洋环流研究中一种新的可靠方法。以热带西太平洋和东海黑潮区等为例,文章对运用氧同位素示踪物技术以及氧同位素与盐度的相羞生描述海流的输运过程、水平和垂直扩散过程以及水团特征和混合过程等问题加以阐述。 相似文献
8.
T. D. Blackall M. R. Theobald C. Milford K. J. Hargreaves E. Nemitz L. J. Wilson J. Bull P. J. Bacon K. C. Hamer S. Wanless M. A. Sutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2004,4(6):279-285
Ammonia emissions from two contrasting seabird colonies in Scotland were measured, based on the determination of atmospheric concentrations downwind of the colonies. Atmospheric concentrations of ammonia (NH3) across the downwind plume were compared with the inverse application of a Gaussian dispersion model (ID) to calculate the modelled NH3 emission that would generate the measured cross-wind-integrated plume concentration. In parallel, a tracer gas (sulphur hexafluoride, SF6) was released from the colonies with air samples taken to allow determination of SF6 concentrations. On the basis of the known emission rate of SF6, the magnitude of ammonia emissions was estimated by the cross-wind-integrated tracer ratio (TR) of NH3/SF6 concentrations. Coupled with data on annual bird attendance, the measurements indicate annual emissions from the Isle of May and the Bass Rock of 18 and 132 tonnes NH3-N year–1, respectively. The measured NH3 emissions were compared with estimates of seabird nitrogen excretion to estimate the proportion of excreted N that is volatilised as NH3 (FNr). The emission estimates of the two methods compared favourably, giving 4 and 6 kg NH3-N h–1 (FNr = 15%) for the Isle of May for the ID and TR methods, respectively, and 21 and 25 kg NH3-N h–1 (FNr = 50%) for the Bass Rock for the ID and TR methods, respectively. The results provide the first measurement-based estimates to allow regional up scaling of ammonia emissions from seabirds. 相似文献
9.
Last Glacial mammals in South America: a new scenario from the Tarija Basin (Bolivia) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Coltorti M Abbazzi L Ferretti MP Iacumin P Rios FP Pellegrini M Pieruccini P Rustioni M Tito G Rook L 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(4):288-299
The chronology, sedimentary history, and paleoecology of the Tarija Basin (Bolivia), one of the richest Pleistocene mammalian
sites in South America, are revised here based on a multidisciplinary study, including stratigraphy, sedimentology, geomorphology,
paleontology, isotope geochemistry, and 14C geochronology. Previous studies have indicated a Middle Pleistocene age for this classic locality. We have been able to
obtain a series of 14C dates encompassing all the fossil-bearing sequences previously studied in the Tarija Basin. The dated layers range in age
from about 44,000 to 21,000 radiocarbon years before present (BP), indicating that the Tarija fauna is much younger than previously
thought. Glacial advances correlated to marine isotopic stages (MIS) 4 and 2 (ca. 62 and 20 ka BP, respectively) are also
documented at the base and at the very top of the Tarija–Padcaya succession, respectively, indicating that the Bolivian Altiplano
was not dry but sustained an ice cap during the Last Glacial Maximum. The results of this multidisciplinary study enable us
to redefine the chronological limits of the Tarija sequence and of its faunal assemblage and to shift this paleontological,
paleoclimatological, and paleoecological framework to the time interval from MIS 4 to MIS 2. 相似文献
10.
Rosenbom AE Therrien R Refsgaard JC Jensen KH Ernstsen V Klint KE 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,104(1-4):137-152
This study numerically investigates the influence of initial water content and rain intensities on the preferential migration of two fluorescent tracers, Acid Yellow 7 (AY7) and Sulforhodamine B (SB), through variably-saturated fractured clayey till. The simulations are based on the numerical model HydroGeoSphere, which solves 3D variably-saturated flow and solute transport in discretely-fractured porous media. Using detailed knowledge of the matrix, fracture, and biopore properties, the numerical model is calibrated and validated against experimental high-resolution tracer images/data collected under dry and wet soil conditions and for three different rain events. The model could reproduce reasonably well the observed preferential migration of AY7 and SB through the fractured till, although it did not capture the exact depth of migration and the negligible impact of the dead-end biopores in a near-saturated matrix. A sensitivity analysis suggests fast flow mechanisms and dynamic surface coating in the biopores, and the presence of a plough pan in the till. 相似文献